As pet parents, we want to give our dogs the happiest, healthiest life possible. But even with excellent care, dogs can experience occasional health issues – some mild, some more serious.
In this guide, we’ll explore some of the most common dog health concerns, how to recognize them early, and what steps you can take to support your pup.
This guide is for informational purposes only and does not replace veterinary advice. Always consult your vet if you have health concerns about your dog.
What Should I Do If I Suspect My Dog Has a Health Issue?
You know your dog best. If their behaviour, appetite, or energy levels suddenly change, it’s always best to reach out to your vet. Don’t hesitate – early intervention can make a big difference.
Keep calm, monitor symptoms, and note any patterns or changes to share with your vet. Even if it turns out to be nothing serious, you’re taking proactive steps for your dog’s well-being.
Top 10 Common Dog Health Concerns
1. Low Energy or Lethargy
Occasional tiredness is normal, but if your dog seems unusually sleepy or uninterested in activities they normally enjoy, it may be a sign of discomfort. Possible causes include:
- Viral or bacterial infections
- Emotional stress or boredom
- Medication side effects
- Underlying health issues (e.g., joint discomfort, digestive upset)
Tip: Keep your pup mentally and physically active with enrichment toys, daily walks, and a healthy diet. Seek veterinary advice if symptoms persist.
2. Environmental Sensitivities or Respiratory Irritation
Dogs can experience respiratory reactions to common allergens like pollen, smoke, or cleaning products. In rarer cases, dogs may develop asthma-like symptoms.
Signs to watch for:
- Wheezing or coughing
- Excessive panting
- Sneezing or nasal discharge
- Lethargy after exposure to irritants
Veterinary evaluation may include X-rays, bloodwork, or allergy screening. Supportive treatment often involves reducing exposure, lifestyle adjustments, and, in some cases, medication.
3. Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs
This condition affects how your dog’s body regulates sugar. Middle-aged, overweight, or female dogs are at higher risk.
Common signs:
- Increased thirst and urination
- Weight loss despite eating well
- Cloudy eyes
- Sweet-smelling breath
Treatment typically includes insulin therapy, blood sugar monitoring, and a structured diet. Your vet will guide you through a long-term care plan to manage symptoms.
4. Epilepsy and Seizures
Epilepsy is a neurological condition causing seizures that may appear suddenly and without warning. It is very rare in dogs, but it’s important to be aware of the signs, so you can spot any potential health concerns that warrant a trip to the vet.
What to watch for:
- Muscle twitching or convulsions
- Drooling or loss of consciousness
- Repetitive behaviours or disorientation
Dogs with epilepsy can often lead full lives with medication and monitoring. Keep a “seizure diary” to track patterns, and consult your vet about safe management strategies.
5. Arthritis & Joint Discomfort
Osteoarthritis affects roughly 20% of dogs, especially seniors or large breeds. Common signs include:
- Limping or stiffness after rest
- Slower on stairs or during play
- Reduced interest in jumping or walks
Your vet may suggest weight management, low-impact activities, or medications to support joint mobility. Orthopedic beds, non-slip flooring, and ramps also help at home.
6. Luxating Patella (Trick Knee)
Common in smaller breeds, this condition occurs when the kneecap shifts out of place. Dogs may “skip” during walks or limp on one leg.
Mild cases may be managed with:
- Weight control
- Controlled exercise
- Physiotherapy
Surgical correction may be recommended for more advanced grades. Speak with your vet to determine the best plan for your dog’s mobility.
7. Cancer in Older Dogs
Nearly half of dogs over age 10 develop some form of cancer. Warning signs can be subtle at first:
- Unusual lumps or bumps
- Weight loss
- Sores that don’t heal
- Lethargy or difficulty breathing
Early detection leads to more options for supportive care. Your vet may recommend biopsies, imaging, or other diagnostics.
8. Hip Dysplasia
A common orthopedic issue in larger breeds, hip dysplasia occurs when the ball-and-socket joint doesn’t form properly. Signs include:
- Difficulty rising or climbing stairs
- Limping or bunny-hopping gait
- Muscle loss in hind limbs
Treatment ranges from lifestyle changes to corrective surgery. Early screening can help manage the condition before it becomes severe.
9. Sight & Hearing Decline
As dogs age, it’s normal for their sensory perception to shift. Signs of vision or hearing loss may include:
- Bumping into furniture
- Startling easily
- Confusion or increased anxiety
- Lack of response to verbal cues
Veterinary checkups can determine the cause and guide adaptations to your home (e.g., using hand signals and maintaining a consistent furniture layout).
10. Emotional Distress or Anxiety
Changes in environment, loss of a companion, or even loud noises can trigger emotional shifts in dogs. Signs of emotional stress may mimic physical illness:
- Pacing or hiding
- Appetite changes
- Restlessness or clinginess
Offer reassurance, maintain routines, and provide enrichment to support emotional wellness. If signs persist, consult your vet or a certified animal behaviourist.
General Wellness Tips for Dogs
There are lots of ways that you, as a loving and responsible pet owner, can help support your pup’s general wellness:
- Annual Vet Visits: Routine checkups help identify health concerns early – this is especially important for older dogs.
- Balanced Nutrition: Feed your dog high-quality food appropriate for their age, weight, and lifestyle.
- Daily Activity & Enrichment: Exercise and mental stimulation prevent boredom, reduce stress, and keep your dog agile.
- Comfortable Living Environment: Orthopedic beds, ramps, and calm resting areas help support aging or mobility-challenged pups.
Final Thoughts: Being a Proactive Pet Parent
Many dog health concerns can be managed with early action, consistent routines, and professional support. Whether you have a playful pup or a senior companion, your role in monitoring and caring for their health is crucial.
By combining regular vet visits with at-home support and good nutrition, you’re doing all you can to help your dog live a longer, healthier life.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not substitute for professional veterinary advice. Always consult your veterinarian before making changes to your dog’s healthcare routine. PetLab Co. supplements sold in Canada are registered Veterinary Health Products (VHPs) and are intended to support animal health.
